Glycolic acid use has become increasingly popular in the world of skincare, as it’s known for its ability to refresh and brighten your skins complexion.
Whether you’re looking for the best glycolic acid product to add to your routine or want to understand how it works, this guide will cover everything you need to know.
What Is Glycolic Acid?
Glycolic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from sugarcane. It has a small molecular size, allowing it to penetrate the skin effectively. This makes it a powerful ingredient in glycolic acid cleanser, glycolic acid face wash, serums, and creams.
Due to its exfoliating properties, glycolic acid is commonly used to improve skin texture, reduce fine lines, and promote an even skin tone. It’s suitable for most skin types but should be introduced gradually to avoid irritation.
How Does It Work?
Glycolic acid works by breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells, effectively “ungluing” them from the skin’s surface.
This process, known as chemical exfoliation, is gentler than physical scrubs and more effective at promoting cell turnover.
When you use a glycolic acid cream or serum, it penetrates the upper layers of the skin, stimulating collagen production and helping to reveal fresher, younger looking skin beneath.
What Are The Benefits And Risks of Using Glycolic Acid
Clinical studies demonstrate that incorporating glycolic acid cleansers or treatments into a skincare routine can improve skin texture and even reduce acne. Although some users may experience temporary irritation or sun sensitivity.
Glycolic Acid: Benefits 😁
- Hyperpigmentation Reduction
Glycolic acid is effective in treating melasma and other forms of hyperpigmentation by promoting skin cell turnover[7][10].
- Effective Exfoliation and Skin Renewal
Glycolic acid is proven to improve skin texture by breaking down bonds between dead skin cells, revealing smoother, brighter skin[1][2].
- Anti Aging Benefits
Studies show that low concentrations (5-8%) of glycolic acid improve photoaging effects, such as fine lines and discoloration, by stimulating collagen production[2][5][8].
- Acne Treatment
Clinical trials confirm glycolic acid’s efficacy in reducing both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne. It also reduces sebum production and unclogs pores[3][6][9]. Research highlights its antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes, making it beneficial for acne-prone skin[4].
Glycolic Acid: Risks ⚠️
- Overuse Risks
Prolonged or excessive application may lead to dryness, hyperpigmentation, or irritation, especially in individuals with darker skin tones[6][9].
- Skin Irritation
Clinical studies note that glycolic acid can cause redness, itching, or burning, particularly at higher concentrations (>20%) or in sensitive individuals[2][6].
- Sun Sensitivity
Glycolic acid increases photosensitivity due to its exfoliating properties, necessitating strict sunscreen use during treatment[7][10].
- Limited Efficacy at Low Concentrations
While low concentrations (≤5%) are safer, their anti-aging effects are modest compared to higher concentrations used under professional supervision[5][8].
Starting with lower concentrations and applying sunscreen are essential for safe use.
Selecting Glycolic Acid Products
With so many options available, choosing the best glycolic acid product depends on your skin type and needs.
- Low concentration (5-10%)
Ideal for beginners or sensitive skin. - Higher concentration (10-20%)
More potent, suitable for experienced users. - Formula type
A glycolic acid serum is lightweight and penetrates deeply, while a glycolic acid cream provides hydration alongside exfoliation.
If you have sensitive skin, look for products with soothing ingredients like aloe vera or hyaluronic acid to balance the exfoliating effect.
Product Suggestions
Budget Friendly
The Ordinary Glycolic Acid 7% Toning Solution
✅ Why It’s Great
This affordable toner contains 7% glycolic acid to gently exfoliate, brighten, and improve skin texture. It’s alcohol-free and includes aloe vera and Tasmanian pepperberry to help reduce irritation.
📝 Best For
Beginners or those looking for an effective, budget friendly option.
Mid Range
Pixi Glow Tonic (5% Glycolic Acid)
✅ Why It’s Great
This glycolic acid toner contains 5% glycolic acid, aloe vera, and ginseng to exfoliate while keeping skin hydrated. It’s gentle enough for daily use and helps maintain a healthy glow.
📝 Best For
Those who want a milder glycolic acid option with added skin soothing benefits.
Luxury
Drunk Elephant T.L.C. Framboos Glycolic Night Serum
✅ Why It’s Great
This glycolic acid serum combines 12% AHA/BHA blend, including glycolic, tartaric, lactic, and citric acids, to deeply exfoliate, refine skin texture, and reduce fine lines. It also contains raspberry extract and horse chestnut for antioxidant benefits.
📝 Best For
Those looking for a potent, all-in-one resurfacing treatment.
Adding Glycolic Acid Into Your Skincare Routine
Follow these steps to introduce glycolic acid products into your skincare routine.
- Start Slowly – begin with a gentle glycolic acid cleanser twice weekly, gradually increasing frequency as your skin adjusts.
- Time It Right – Apply your glycolic acid serum or cream in the evening, as it can increase sun sensitivity.
- Layer Properly
- Cleanse with a gentle or glycolic acid face wash
- Apply glycolic acid serum to dry skin
- Follow with moisturiser
- Always use sunscreen or an SPF moisturiser during the day
- Watch for Signs – monitor your skin’s response and reduce usage if you experience irritation.
Glycolic acid is a versatile and effective skincare ingredient that can transform your complexion when used correctly.
Whether you opt for a gentle glycolic acid cleanser or a more potent serum, the key is to introduce it gradually and listen to your skin’s response.
With proper use, this powerful ingredient can help you achieve clearer, brighter, and more youthful-looking skin.
References
[1] A Scientific Perspective Ellagic Acid vs Glycolic Acid, https://www.dermatologistschoice.com/blogs/news/the-difference-between-ellagic-acid-and-glycolic-acid-which-one-is-better-for-reducing-acne-and-wrinkles
[2] Topical 8% glycolic acid and 8% L-lactic acid creams for the treatment of photodamaged skin. A double-blind vehicle-controlled clinical trial, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8651713/
[3] Combination Glycolic Acid, Salicylic Acid Serum a Naural Acne Treatment, https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/news/a-nonprescription-acne-treatment/
[4] pH-Dependent Antibacterial Activity of Glycolic Acid: Implications for Anti-Acne Formulations, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-64545-9
[5] A double-blind randomized clinical trial on the effectiveness of a daily glycolic acid 5% formulation in the treatment of photoaging, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9598014/
[6] Clinical evaluation of glycolic acid chemical peeling in patients with acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, split-face comparative study, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24447110/
[7] Glycolic Acid – Uses, Side Effects, and More – WebMD https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1685/glycolic-acid
[8] A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial on the Effectiveness of a Daily Glycolic Acid 5% Formulation in the Treatment of Photoaging, https://journals.lww.com/dermatologicsurgery/abstract/1998/05000/a_double_blind_randomized_clinical_trial_on_the.12.aspx
[9] Is Glycolic Acid Safe and Effective in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Acne?, https://digitalcommons.pcom.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1194&context=pa_systematic_reviews
[10] Efficacy and safety of 5% glycolic acid-based Gel essence in the treatment of mild to moderate acne, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jocd.14865